Abfraction

Abfraction lesions are V-shaped defects that form at the cervical (gumline) area of a tooth, typically on the cheek-facing side. They are believed to result from biomechanical loading: when teeth flex slightly under heavy or off-axis bite forces, the enamel near the gumline fractures away. Abfraction is often confused with abrasion (caused by aggressive brushing) or erosion (caused by acid), and in practice the three frequently coexist. Treatment depends on severity and may include adjusting the bite, fitting a night guard for bruxism, or restoring the lesion with composite resin to protect the exposed dentin.